Solvents in the Workplace

The Government of Alberta defines a solvent as “a liquid chemical that dissolves a solid, liquid, or gas, creating a solution. The most common solvent is water. At work sites, the most frequently used solvents are organic (carbon-containing) chemicals. They are usually clear, colorless liquids, and many have a strong odor.” 

 Common Solvents:  

- Xylene 

- Toluene 

- Kerosene 

- Ethanol 

- Methanol 

- Acetone 

- Turpentine 

- Mineral spirits 

Solvents are often used in products like paints, lacquers, varnishes, adhesives, thinners, degreasers, cleaners, glues, and mastics. 

Solvent Exposure: How It Happens 

You can be exposed—and overexposed—to solvents in several ways: 

- Absorption: Solvents can penetrate your skin through direct contact, such as when cleaning tools. 

- Inhalation: Breathing in solvent vapors can occur when applying sealants, glue, or paint, or when cleaning tools. 

- Ingestion: Solvents can be ingested from your hands while eating, drinking, or smoking. 

- Injection: This can happen if your skin is punctured by a high-pressure spray gun. 

Health Effects of Solvent Exposure 

Different solvents can affect your health in various ways. Exposure to very high concentrations of solvent vapor can lead to passing out or even death. Short-term health effects from solvent exposure include: 

- Irritation of the eyes, lungs, and skin 

- Headaches 

- Nausea 

- Dizziness 

Long-term health effects from solvent exposure include: 

- Dermatitis: Inflammation of the skin, characterized by redness, itching, swelling, and blisters. 

- Nervous System Disorders: Symptoms may include fatigue, muscle tremors, memory loss, and reduced cognitive function. 

- Liver and Kidney Damage: Particularly caused by chlorinated solvents. 

According to Occupational & Environmental Medicine, “The most exposed occupation class is the working class, with 34% of blue-collar workers exposed to at least one solvent.” 

 Safety Controls for Solvent Use 

To minimize risks associated with solvents in the workplace, consider the following controls: 

- Fire Safety: Many solvents are flammable. Eliminate any sources of ignition in the work area. 

- Ventilation: Ensure adequate ventilation when using solvent-based materials. Open doors and windows and use fans if necessary. 

- Respiratory Protection: When required by the Safety Data Sheet (SDS), use an approved respirator for protection against “organic vapors.” Look for a pink cartridge marked “OV.” 

- Avoid Contact: Prevent skin and eye contact with solvents. 

- Follow Instructions: Always adhere to the product label and SDS for protection, storage, and handling instructions. 

- Seek Help When Needed: If you don’t understand the instructions, ask for assistance. 

- Emergency Preparedness: Make sure you know what to do in case of an emergency. Learn more about Emergency Preparation here. 

- No Eating, Drinking, or Smoking: Avoid these activities in areas where solvents are being used. 

- Hand Hygiene: Wash your hands thoroughly after working with solvents, before eating, drinking, or smoking. 

- Don’t Use Solvents on Skin: Never use solvents to clean your skin or hair. 

- Avoid Welding on Treated Materials: Welding on materials cleaned with chlorinated solvents can produce highly toxic gases. 

- Seal Containers: Keep lids on solvents when not in use to prevent vapors from escaping into the air. 

 Prioritize Safety 

The safety of employees should always be the top priority. If you don’t have proper procedures in place to protect individuals from workplace solvents, it’s essential to implement them immediately. 

If you have questions about what your business or organization needs, contact our team today.